NEW TECH FOODS

Researchers at the Carlsberg Research Laboratory have identified a key gene that could help protect cereal crops from pre-harvest sprouting (PHS), a climate-driven problem causing billions in annual losses.

The project involved scientists from the University of Copenhagen, University of Cambridge, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, International Barley Hub/James Hutton Institute, SECOBRA Recherches and the University of Adelaide.

The study, published in the peer-reviewed academic journal Science, reveals how variations in a single gene – MKK3 – influence seed dormancy and sprouting risk in barley.

By identifying the genetic mechanisms that determine whether grains begin to germinate prematurely before harvest, researchers have opened the door to developing new, climate-resilient crop varieties.

Pre-harvest sprouting occurs when rain or humidity triggers seeds to germinate before harvest, lowering grain quality and value.

“This breakthrough is bigger than beer – it’s about brewing a better tomorrow for everyone,” said Birgitte Skadhauge, vice president and head of the Carlsberg Research Laboratory.

Using advanced genetic mapping and multi-year field trials across continents, the international research team demonstrated how specific variants of the MKK3 gene affect seed dormancy and resilience under wet harvest conditions.

The results also trace how centuries of farming have shaped the gene’s evolution across different climates, offering a roadmap for crop breeders to balance yield and resistance to sprouting.

Christoph Dockter, head of cereal crop development at the Carlsberg Research Laboratory, added: “Our work shows how centuries of farming and climate adaptation have shaped the genetic landscape of this vital crop and provides a roadmap for breeders to balance dormancy and sprouting risk – helping farmers everywhere grow better crops, even as weather becomes more unpredictable."